Seyfarth Shaw LLP | www.seyfarth.com Litigating CA Wage & Hour Class and PAGA Actions (24th Edition) v E. Waiver ......................................................................................................................129 F. After Removal and Effect of Denial of Class Certification.........................................130 G. Settlement Process ..................................................................................................131 XVI. Class Certification .................................................................................................. 135 A. General Requirements .............................................................................................135 B. Class Certification in Exempt Misclassification Cases..............................................136 C. Subclasses ...............................................................................................................140 D. Opt-In Classes .......................................................................................................... 141 E. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes—The Supreme Court Shifts the Landscape of Class Certification ........................................................................143 1. Class Members Must All Suffer A Common Injury Capable Of Class-Wide Resolution ............................................................143 2. The Similarly Situated And Commonality Standards Are Not So Different ..................................................................144 3. Dukes Presents An Early Evidentiary Hurdle For Plaintiffs ......................................................................................................145 4. Individualized Issues Preclude Certification ...............................................146 F. In Comcast v. Behrend, The Supreme Court Emphasizes That It Meant What It Said in Dukes ......................................................................... 147 1. The Supreme Court Holding.......................................................................147 2. The Antitrust Claim .....................................................................................147 3. The District Court Opinion ..........................................................................148 4. The Third Circuit Decision ..........................................................................148 5. The Supreme Court Applies its Holding to the Facts ........................................................................................................... 148 G. The California Supreme Court Enforces Due Process in Duran v. U.S. Bank ................................................................................................... 149 1. Lower Court Proceedings ...........................................................................149 2. The Supreme Court Decision .....................................................................150 3. What Duran Means For Employers ............................................................151 H. Easing of Class Certification Standards Post-Brinker............................................... 152 I. Relitigation of Class Certification Denials .................................................................156 J. Defense Motions to Deny Class Certification (“Vinole Motions”) ................................................................................................................... 159 XVII. Discovery Issues in Class Actions........................................................................ 163
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