Seyfarth Shaw LLP | www.seyfarth.com Litigating CA Wage & Hour Class and PAGA Actions (23rd Edition) v C. Subclasses .......................................................................................................... 138 D. Opt-In Classes.....................................................................................................139 E. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes—The Supreme Court Shifts the Landscape of Class Certification.....................................................................141 1. Class Members Must All Suffer A Common Injury Capable Of Class-Wide Resolution.........................................................141 2. The Similarly Situated And Commonality Standards Are Not So Different...............................................................142 3. Dukes Presents An Early Evidentiary Hurdle For Plaintiff s ................................................................................................. 143 4. Individualized Issues Preclude Certification.............................................144 F. In Comcast v. Behrend, The Supreme Court Emphasizes That It Meant What It Said in Dukes ..................................................................... 145 1. The Supreme Court Holding ...................................................................145 2. The Antitrust Claim.................................................................................145 3. The District Court Opinion.......................................................................146 4. The Third Circuit Decision.......................................................................146 5. The Supreme Court Applies its Holding to the Facts...................................................................................................... 146 G. The California Supreme Court Enforces Due Process in Duran v. U.S. Bank .............................................................................................. 147 1. Lower Court Proceedings .......................................................................147 2. The Supreme Court Decision..................................................................148 3. What Duran Means For Employers.........................................................149 H. Easing of Class Certification Standards Post-Brinker ............................................ 150 I. Relitigation of Class Certification Denials..............................................................154 J. Defense Motions to Deny Class Certification (“Vinole Motions”) .............................................................................................................157 XVII. Discovery Issues in Class A ctions ............................................................................159 A. Disclosure of Class Member Names and Addresses to Allow Access to Potential Witnesses..............................................................................159 B. Discovery to Facilitate Location of Substitute Class Representatives...................................................................................................162 C. Discovery Issues Regarding Putative Class Member Declarations......................................................................................................... 166 1. Employers Must Approach Pre-Certification Communications With Their Employees With Caution ..................................................................................................166
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