©2025 Seyfarth Shaw LLP www.seyfarth.com 2025 Cal-Peculiarities | v 5.19 Limits to Protection for Attorney Work Product ................................................................................ 136 5.20 Employer’s Obligation to Withhold Taxes Due on Damages Judgment .......................................... 136 5.21 Can Employees Seeking Unpaid Wages Bring Tort Claims? .......................................................... 137 6. Employment Discrimination Legislation and Litigation........................................... 161 6.1 Comparing California Antidiscrimination Law with Federal Statutes................................................ 161 6.2 Additional Protected Bases .............................................................................................................. 163 6.3 Special Rules for Disability Discrimination ....................................................................................... 164 6.4 Special Rules for Age Discrimination ............................................................................................... 169 6.5 Special Rules for Discriminatory Workplace Harassment................................................................ 170 6.6 Special Rules Relating to National Origin ........................................................................................ 178 6.7 Equal Pay ......................................................................................................................................... 180 6.8 Pant Suits ......................................................................................................................................... 183 6.9 Special Rules for Gender, Gender Identity, and Gender Expression .............................................. 184 6.10 Special Rules for Religious Accommodation ................................................................................... 184 6.11 Special Rules for Retaliation ............................................................................................................ 186 6.12 Special Rules for No-nepotism Policies ........................................................................................... 188 6.13 Difficulty in Obtaining Defendant’s Attorney Fees and Even Costs ................................................. 188 6.14 No Meaningful Duty to Exhaust Administrative Remedies............................................................... 189 6.15 Use of the Unfair Competition Law to Sue for Discrimination .......................................................... 190 6.16 Disregard of Federal Evidentiary Doctrines ..................................................................................... 190 7. Wage and Hour Laws .................................................................................................. 205 7.1 Requirements Imposed by IWC Wage Orders ................................................................................. 206 7.2 Minimum Wages ............................................................................................................................... 209 7.3 Pay For Hours Worked ..................................................................................................................... 212 7.4 Computing Wages Owed ................................................................................................................. 217 7.5 Wage Payment Rules....................................................................................................................... 221 7.6 “White Collar” Exemptions from Wage Requirements ..................................................................... 224 7.7 Other Exemptions ............................................................................................................................. 228 7.8 Meal Periods..................................................................................................................................... 233 7.9 Rest and Recovery Breaks............................................................................................................... 237 7.10 The “One Additional Hour of Pay” .................................................................................................... 241 7.11 Suitable Seats and Comfortable Temperatures ............................................................................... 243 7.12 Restrictions on Having Employees Pay for Costs of Business ........................................................ 246 7.13 Indemnification of Employee Expenses ........................................................................................... 248 7.14 Payment by Piece-Rate.................................................................................................................... 251 7.15 Payment of Commissions................................................................................................................. 252 7.16 Bonuses............................................................................................................................................ 254 7.17 Hazard Pay ....................................................................................................................................... 257 7.18 Tips ................................................................................................................................................... 258 7.19 Vacation Pay .................................................................................................................................... 259 7.20 Personal Liability for Wage and Hour Violations .............................................................................. 263 7.21 Broadened Definition of Employer?.................................................................................................. 265 7.22 Restrictions on Scheduling and Work Quotas.................................................................................. 268 7.23 Worker Retention and Staffing Requirements.................................................................................. 270 7.24 How Does California Law Affect Multi-State Employees?................................................................ 275 7.25 Civil Penalties ................................................................................................................................... 277
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